Science MCQ, Class 10th, Chapter-11, Electricity

NCERT based MCQ of Class 10th, Chapter-11, Electricity with brief explanation for competitive exams like TGT HTET, KVS PGT, TGT NVS, TGT EMRS, SSC and all other state competition exams.

Along with MCQ, Chapter Key-Points for quick learning NCERT related facts are also discussed below.

Right Answer for MCQ will be highlighted on Hover / Click on the option. 

Summary of the Chapter-11-Electricity with Key-Points:

• A mixture is made up of two or more substances (elements or compounds) combined in any ratio.

• An electric current is formed when electrons flow through a conductor.

• The standard unit for measuring electric current is the ampere.

• The commercial unit of electrical energy is the kilowatt-hour (kWh), where 1 kWh equals 3,600,000 joules (3.6 × 10⁶ J).

• Power is measured in watts (W), with one watt representing the energy consumption when a current of 1 ampere flows at a voltage of 1 volt.

• The electrical energy dissipated in a resistor can be calculated using the formula: W = V * I * t

• For resistors connected in parallel, the equivalent resistance (Rp) can be calculated using the formula: 1/Rp​​=1/R₁​+1/R₂​+1/R₃​+…

• When resistors are connected in series, their total (or equivalent) resistance is the sum of each individual resistance.

• The resistance of a conductor is directly related to its length, inversely related to its cross-sectional area, and influenced by the material it’s made from.

• According to Ohm’s law, the voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it, assuming temperature remains constant.

• Resistance is a characteristic that impedes the flow of electrons in a conductor and regulates the current's magnitude. The unit of resistance is the ohm (Ω).

• To initiate electron movement in a circuit, a cell or battery is used, which creates a potential difference across its terminals, measured in volts (V).

• Current is conventionally defined to flow in the opposite direction to the movement of electrons.

NCERT Based MCQ with Explanation:

1. The SI unit of electric current is:

a) Volt

b) Ampere

c) Coulomb

d) Ohm

Explanation: Electric current is measured in amperes (A), which represents the flow of one coulomb of charge per second.

2. The electric charge that constitutes electric current in metallic wires is due to:

a) Protons

b) Electrons

c) Neutrons

d) Ions

Explanation: In metallic wires, the flow of electrons constitutes electric current.

3. Which instrument is used to measure electric current in a circuit?

a) Voltmeter

b) Ammeter

c) Ohmmeter

d) Galvanometer

Explanation: An ammeter is connected in series in the circuit to measure the flow of electric current.

4. The formula for electric current is:

a) I = Q/t

b) I = V/R

c) I = P/V

d) I = V/Q

Explanation: Electric current I is defined as the rate of flow of electric charge Q through a conductor, given by the formula I = Q/t

5. One ampere is equal to:

a) 1 joule per second

b) 1 coulomb per second

c) 1 volt per second

d) 1 ohm per second

Explanation: One ampere of current is the flow of one coulomb of charge per second.

6. Electric potential difference is defined as:

a) Work done per unit charge

b) Work done per unit current

c) Energy per unit charge

d) Energy per unit time

Explanation: Electric potential difference is the work done to move a unit charge from one point to another, given by V= W/Q .

7. The SI unit of potential difference is:

a) Coulomb

b) Watt

c) Ohm

d) Volt

Explanation: Potential difference is measured in volts (V), where 1 volt equals 1 joule per coulomb.

8. A voltmeter is connected in a circuit:

a) In series

b) In parallel

c) Across the battery

d) To the ground

Explanation: A voltmeter is always connected in parallel across two points in the circuit to measure the potential difference.

9. Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor is:

a) Directly proportional to voltage

b) Inversely proportional to voltage

c) Inversely proportional to resistance

d) Inversely proportional to current

Explanation: According to Ohm's law, V=IR, the current I is directly proportional to the voltage V across the conductor.

10. Resistance of a conductor depends on:

a) Length and thickness

b) Temperature

c) Material of the conductor

d) All of the above

Explanation: Resistance depends on the length, cross-sectional area (thickness), material, and temperature of the conductor.

11. The SI unit of resistance is:

a) Volt

b) Ohm

c) Watt

d) Ampere

Explanation: Resistance is measured in ohms (Ω), where 1Ω = 1V / 1A.

12. A device that controls current without changing the voltage is called:

a) Resistor

b) Rheostat

c) Capacitor

d) Transformer

Explanation: A rheostat is used to vary the resistance in a circuit, thus controlling the current.

13. In a series circuit, the current through each resistor is:

a) Different for each resistor

b) The same for all resistors

c) Zero

d) Proportional to the resistance

Explanation: In a series circuit, the current remains constant throughout all components.

14. The total resistance in a series circuit is:

a) Less than the smallest resistance

b) The same as the largest resistance

c) The sum of the individual resistances

d) The reciprocal of the individual resistances

Explanation: The total resistance in a series circuit is the sum of the resistances of each component.

15. In a parallel circuit, the total resistance is:

a) The sum of individual resistances

b) Equal to the largest resistance

c) Less than the smallest resistance

d) Equal to the smallest resistance

Explanation: In a parallel circuit, the total resistance is always less than the smallest individual resistance, calculated using the reciprocal formula.

16. Which of the following is the formula for resistance according to Ohm’s law?

a) R=V/I

b) R=VI

c) R= I/V

d) R= P/V

Explanation: According to Ohm’s law, resistance R is the ratio of the potential difference V to the current I, i.e., R=V/I.

17. A resistor with resistance 10 Ω and a current of 2 A has a potential difference of:

a) 5 V

b) 10 V

c) 20 V

d) 2 V

Explanation: Using Ohm’s law, V=IR. For I=2A and R=10Ω, the potential difference V = 2A × 10Ω = 20V.

18. Which of the following materials has the highest resistivity?

a) Silver

b) Copper

c) Nichrome

d) Aluminium

Explanation: Nichrome, an alloy, has a higher resistivity compared to pure metals like silver, copper, and aluminium, making it useful in heating elements.

19. If the length of a conductor is doubled, its resistance will:

a) Remain the same

b) Be halved

c) Be doubled

d) Be quadrupled

Explanation: Resistance is directly proportional to the length of the conductor, so doubling the length doubles the resistance.

20. The SI unit of electric charge is:

a) Ampere

b) Coulomb

c) Volt

d) Ohm

Explanation: The unit of electric charge is the coulomb (C), which represents the quantity of electricity transported in one second by a current of one ampere.

21. A current of 3 A flows through a resistor of 6 Ω. The power dissipated in the resistor is:

a) 18 W

b) 36 W

c) 54 W

d) 108 W

22. The resistivity of a material is expressed in:

a) Ω m

b) Ω

c) V m

d) A m

23. The potential difference between two points is 12 V, and a charge of 3 C flows between them. The work done is:

a) 36 J

b) 4 J

c) 24 J

d) 12 J

24. The resistance of a conductor decreases if:

a) Its length increases

b) Its thickness increases

c) Its temperature increases

d) Its material is changed to one with higher resistivity

25. If two resistors of 5 Ω and 10 Ω are connected in series, their total resistance is:

a) 2 Ω

b) 10 Ω

c) 15 Ω

d) 50 Ω

26. A current of 5 A flows through a wire for 10 minutes. The amount of charge that flows through the wire is:

a) 50 C

b) 300 C

c) 100 C

d) 500 C

27. Which of the following is a good conductor of electricity?

a) Wood

b) Glass

c) Rubber

d) Copper

28. The heating effect of electric current is given by the formula:

a) H=IVt

b) H=I2Rt

c) H=V2t/R

d) All of the above

29. Which type of resistor is designed to have a variable resistance?

a) Fixed resistor

b) Thermistor

c) Rheostat

d) Capacitor

30. What is the reciprocal of resistance called?

a) Voltage

b) Conductance

c) Capacitance

d) Impedance

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