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Summary of the Chapter-14-Sources Of Energy:
- As our standard of living rises, so do our energy needs. To meet these growing demands, we focus on enhancing energy efficiency and exploring new energy sources.
- The search for alternative sources is also crucial because traditional ones, such as fossil fuels, are depleting.
- The choice of an energy source depends on factors like the ease and cost of extraction, the efficiency of available technology, and its environmental impact.
- Notably, many energy sources trace their origins back to the Sun.
NCERT Based MCQ with Explanation:
1. Which of the following is a good source of energy?
(a) One that produces little heat
(b) One that is difficult to transport
(c) One that is easily accessible and economical
(d) One that is non-renewable
Explanation: A good source of energy must be able to produce a large amount of work per unit, be accessible, easy to store, and transport, and most importantly, be economical.
2. What is the primary disadvantage of using fossil fuels?
(a) They are renewable
(b) They cause air pollution and acid rain
(c) They are very inexpensive
(d) They are inexhaustible
Explanation: Burning fossil fuels releases oxides of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur, which cause air pollution and lead to acid rain.
3. Which of the following is NOT a conventional source of energy?
(a) Fossil fuels
(b) Solar energy
(c) Hydroelectricity
(d) Wind energy
Explanation: Solar energy is considered a non-conventional or alternative source of energy, whereas fossil fuels and hydroelectricity are conventional sources.
4. Which country is called the 'Country of Winds' due to its extensive use of wind energy?
(a) Germany
(b) Denmark
(c) India
(d) USA
Explanation: Denmark generates more than 25% of its electricity from wind energy and is known for its vast network of windmills.
5. How does a thermal power plant generate electricity?
(a) By using wind to turn turbines
(b) By burning fossil fuels to heat water into steam
(c) By using nuclear fission
(d) By harnessing tidal energy
Explanation: In thermal power plants, fossil fuels are burned to generate heat, which is used to produce steam. This steam drives a turbine connected to a generator, which produces electricity.
6. Which of the following is a renewable source of energy?
(a) Coal
(b) Oil
(c) Bio-gas
(d) Natural gas
Explanation: Bio-gas, produced from the decomposition of organic waste, is renewable as it can be generated continuously from biological material.
7. Which process is responsible for converting chemical energy in fossil fuels into usable forms like heat or electricity?
(a) Photosynthesis
(b) Combustion
(c) Fusion
(d) Thermal dissipation
Explanation: Combustion of fossil fuels releases the stored chemical energy in the form of heat, which can then be used for various purposes, including electricity generation.
8. What is one of the environmental impacts of building large dams for hydroelectric power plants?
(a) Dams increase biodiversity
(b) Dams reduce greenhouse gases
(c) Dams submerge large areas of land, displacing people and ecosystems
(d) Dams cause soil erosion
Explanation: Building large dams can submerge large areas of land, leading to the displacement of people and the destruction of ecosystems, including vegetation and wildlife habitats.
9. Which of the following best describes the operation of a windmill?
(a) The wind turns the blades, which in turn generate electricity
(b) The wind blows water into turbines
(c) The wind heats solar panels that produce energy
(d) The wind is stored and later released for energy
Explanation: Windmills convert kinetic energy from wind into mechanical energy by turning blades, which is then converted into electricity using a generator.
10. Which of the following is a limitation of wind energy?
(a) It produces harmful gases
(b) It requires large areas of land
(c) It is very expensive to generate
(d) It is non-renewable
Explanation: Wind energy farms require large amounts of land to set up multiple wind turbines. Moreover, wind must blow at a sufficient speed for most of the year for the turbines to generate energy efficiently.
11. What happens when fossil fuels are burned?
(a) Only heat energy is released
(b) Chemical energy is converted into heat and light energy
(c) Sound energy is produced
(d) No energy transformation occurs
Explanation: The combustion of fossil fuels converts the stored chemical energy in them into heat and light energy.
12. Which of the following energy sources is non-renewable?
(a) Solar energy
(b) Bio-mass
(c) Wind energy
(d) Fossil fuels
Explanation: Fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, and natural gas are non-renewable because they take millions of years to form, and their reserves are finite.
13. What type of energy is produced by hydropower plants?
(a) Kinetic energy
(b) Potential energy
(c) Electrical energy
(d) Chemical energy
Explanation: Hydropower plants convert the potential energy of stored water into electrical energy by allowing the water to fall and drive turbines that generate electricity.
14. Which of the following is a major disadvantage of using coal as a fuel?
(a) Coal is abundant
(b) Coal produces no greenhouse gases
(c) Burning coal releases harmful gases like sulfur dioxide
(d) Coal is renewable
Explanation: Burning coal releases harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide, which contribute to air pollution and acid rain.
15. Which of the following can be classified as bio-mass?
(a) Uranium
(b) Cow dung
(c) Tidal energy
(d) Solar energy
Explanation: Bio-mass refers to organic materials, like cow dung, which can be used as fuel after decomposition.
16. What is the primary environmental concern related to the use of fossil fuels?
(a) Fossil fuels are renewable
(b) Fossil fuels cause acid rain and air pollution
(c) Fossil fuels improve air quality
(d) Fossil fuels have no environmental impact
Explanation: Burning fossil fuels releases harmful gases like nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides, which cause air pollution and contribute to acid rain.
17. Which of the following is an example of a renewable energy source?
(a) Coal
(b) Petroleum
(c) Solar energy
(d) Natural gas
Explanation: Solar energy is renewable because it is inexhaustible and can be replenished naturally without being depleted.
18. What is the main reason for exploring alternative energy sources?
(a) Alternative energy sources are cheaper than conventional ones
(b) Fossil fuels are running out and cause environmental damage
(c) Alternative sources are non-renewable
(d) Fossil fuels are renewable and clean
Explanation: The need for alternative energy sources arises because fossil fuels are non-renewable, and their use leads to significant environmental issues like pollution and climate change.
19. What is the main component of bio-gas?
(a) Hydrogen
(b) Carbon dioxide
(c) Methane
(d) Nitrogen
Explanation: Bio-gas consists mostly of methane (about 75%), which is an excellent fuel and burns without producing much smoke.
20. Which of the following statements about hydroelectric power is correct?
(a) It produces harmful pollutants
(b) It depends on fossil fuel availability
(c) It converts potential energy of water into electrical energy
(d) It is a non-renewable energy source
Explanation: Hydroelectric power plants harness the potential energy of water stored in dams to generate electricity through turbines.
21. What is the main limitation of using solar energy?
(a) It cannot be used at night or during cloudy days
(b) It is highly expensive
(c) It produces a large amount of pollution
(d) It is a non-renewable energy source
22. Why is wind energy considered environment-friendly?
(a) It emits carbon dioxide
(b) It generates electricity without burning fuels
(c) It consumes fossil fuels
(d) It requires high maintenance
23. In a nuclear reactor, which process releases energy?
(a) Nuclear fusion
(b) Combustion
(c) Nuclear fission
(d) Photosynthesis
24. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using bio-gas?
(a) It is non-renewable
(b) It is expensive to produce
(c) It requires large land areas for production
(d) It produces methane, which is a greenhouse gas
25. What is the primary challenge of using nuclear energy?
(a) It is expensive to operate
(b) Disposal of nuclear waste is hazardous
(c) It emits large amounts of carbon dioxide
(d) It is not reliable for long-term use
26. What is one of the primary uses of tidal energy?
(a) Generating heat for industries
(b) Producing electricity
(c) Generating bio-gas
(d) Heating water
27. Which of the following energy sources depends directly on the Sun?
(a) Geothermal energy
(b) Nuclear energy
(c) Wind energy
(d) Fossil fuels
28. Which of the following countries is a leader in harnessing wind energy?
(a) India
(b) Japan
(c) China
(d) Denmark
29. What is the primary concern regarding geothermal energy production?
(a) It is expensive to maintain
(b) It produces high levels of pollution
(c) There are very few commercially viable sites
(d) It is a non-renewable source
30. Which of the following forms of energy is most abundant and sustainable for the future?
(a) Fossil fuels
(b) Wind energy
(c) Natural gas
(d) Nuclear energy
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