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Summary of the Chapter-5-Life Processes with Key-Points:
- Movement in various forms can be seen as a sign of life.
- The maintenance of life requires processes such as nutrition, respiration, internal transport of materials, and the removal of waste products.
- Autotrophic organisms obtain simple inorganic substances from their surroundings and use external energy sources, like sunlight, to produce complex, energy-rich organic compounds.
- Heterotrophic organisms rely on consuming complex substances made by other organisms.
- In humans, food is broken down through a series of steps along the digestive tract, and nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine to be distributed throughout the body’s cells.
- Respiration involves breaking down organic molecules, like glucose, to release energy in the form of ATP, which powers cellular activities.
- Respiration can be either aerobic or anaerobic, with aerobic respiration providing more energy.
- In humans, materials such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products are transported by the circulatory system, which includes the heart, blood, and blood vessels.
- In advanced plants, the transport of water, minerals, food, and other substances is handled by the vascular tissues, xylem, and phloem.
- In humans, nitrogenous waste is filtered by nephrons in the kidneys and excreted in a soluble form.
- Plants have various ways of removing waste, such as storing it in cell vacuoles, excreting it through fallen leaves, or releasing it into the surrounding soil.
NCERT Based MCQ with Explanation:
1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of living organisms?
a) Growth
b) Respiration
c) Movement
d) Crystallization
Explanation: Living organisms exhibit characteristics such as growth, respiration, and movement. Crystallization is a physical process typically associated with non-living matter, such as the formation of crystals from a solution.
2. Which of the following life processes involves the intake and breakdown of food?
a) Respiration
b) Excretion
c) Nutrition
d) Transportation
Explanation: Nutrition is the life process that involves the intake of food and its breakdown to provide energy and materials for the body's growth, maintenance, and repair.
3. In which of the following organisms does the process of photosynthesis occur?
a) Amoeba
b) Fungi
c) Green plants
d) Animals
Explanation: Photosynthesis is a process that occurs in autotrophic organisms, like green plants, where they use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce food (glucose).
4. What is the primary function of stomata in plants?
a) Nutrient absorption
b) Water uptake
c) Gas exchange
d) Root formation
Explanation: Stomata are small pores located on the surface of leaves that allow gases, such as carbon dioxide and oxygen, to move in and out of the plant.
5. What is the end product of glucose breakdown in aerobic respiration?
a) Lactic acid
b) Water and carbon dioxide
c) Ethanol
d) Oxygen and ATP
Explanation: In aerobic respiration, glucose is broken down into water, carbon dioxide, and energy (ATP). This process takes place in the presence of oxygen, primarily in the mitochondria.
6. Which of the following organisms exhibit heterotrophic nutrition?
a) Green plants
b) Fungi
c) Algae
d) Cyanobacteria
Explanation: Heterotrophic organisms, like fungi, rely on other organisms for food, as they cannot produce their own like autotrophs (e.g., green plants and cyanobacteria) do.
7. What role does bile play in the digestion process in humans?
a) Breaking down proteins
b) Emulsifying fats
c) Absorbing water
d) Breaking down carbohydrates
Explanation: Bile, produced by the liver, helps emulsify fats into smaller globules, making it easier for lipase enzymes to act on them for digestion.
8. Where does the exchange of gases in the human respiratory system primarily take place?
a) Bronchi
b) Trachea
c) Alveoli
d) Diaphragm
Explanation: Alveoli are small sac-like structures in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood occurs.
9. Which of the following organisms use anaerobic respiration?
a) Humans
b) Yeast
c) Fish
d) Birds
Explanation: Yeast undergoes anaerobic respiration (fermentation) when oxygen is absent, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products.
10. In humans, the small intestine plays a major role in:
a) Absorption of water
b) Digestion of food
c) Excretion of waste
d) Gas exchange
Explanation: The small intestine is the primary site for the digestion of food and absorption of nutrients in humans, facilitated by digestive enzymes.
11. Which of the following structures is involved in the excretion process in humans?
a) Heart
b) Lungs
c) Kidneys
d) Stomach
Explanation: The kidneys are the main organs responsible for filtering waste products like urea from the blood and excreting them as urine.
12. In the human digestive system, where does protein digestion primarily begin?
a) Mouth
b) Esophagus
c) Stomach
d) Large intestine
Explanation: Protein digestion begins in the stomach, where the enzyme pepsin breaks down proteins into smaller peptides in the acidic environment.
13. What is the function of haemoglobin in the human body?
a) Transport of carbon dioxide
b) Production of energy
c) Transport of oxygen
d) Digestion of proteins
Explanation: Haemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to tissues throughout the body.
14. Which of the following is a by-product of anaerobic respiration in muscles?
a) Water
b) Lactic acid
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Oxygen
Explanation: During anaerobic respiration, especially in muscles during intense activity, pyruvate is converted to lactic acid, leading to muscle cramps.
15. What are guard cells responsible for in plants?
a) Water absorption
b) Opening and closing of stomata
c) Transport of minerals
d) Photosynthesis
Explanation: Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata to regulate gas exchange and water loss in plants.
16. What is the primary purpose of transpiration in plants?
a) Photosynthesis
b) Water absorption
c) Temperature regulation
d) Growth
Explanation: Transpiration helps in the cooling of plants and also facilitates the upward movement of water from roots to leaves.
17. In which part of the human body does gas exchange occur during respiration?
a) Alveoli
b) Trachea
c) Bronchi
d) Diaphragm
Explanation: Gas exchange takes place in the alveoli of the lungs, where oxygen is absorbed into the blood, and carbon dioxide is released.
18. The small intestine in humans is primarily responsible for:
a) Absorption of water
b) Absorption of nutrients
c) Production of bile
d) Excretion of waste
Explanation: The small intestine is the site where most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients from food occurs.
19. In humans, the liver plays an important role in:
a) Filtering blood
b) Producing insulin
c) Producing bile
d) Storing water
Explanation: The liver produces bile, which helps in the digestion and emulsification of fats. It also plays a key role in detoxifying the blood.
20. Which life process ensures that an organism can eliminate harmful metabolic wastes from its body?
a) Respiration
b) Transportation
c) Nutrition
d) Excretion
Explanation: Excretion is the process by which organisms remove metabolic wastes like urea, carbon dioxide, and excess salts from their bodies to maintain homeostasis.
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