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Summary of the Chapter-12-Improvement In Food Resources with Key-Points:
- Crops require various nutrients, some of which are needed in large amounts and are called macronutrients, while others are required in smaller amounts and are known as micronutrients
- Manure and fertilizers are primary sources that provide nutrients to crops
- Organic farming emphasizes minimal or no chemical use, such as fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides, relying instead on organic manures, recycled farm waste, bio-agents, and healthy crop systems
- Mixed farming involves the simultaneous practice of crop cultivation and livestock raising on the same farm
- Mixed cropping refers to the simultaneous cultivation of two or more crops on the same piece of land
- Intercropping is the practice of growing two or more crops in a specific row pattern on the same land
- Crop rotation involves planting different crops on the same land in a planned sequence
- Varietal improvement aims to enhance yield, quality, resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, reduce maturity duration, and improve adaptability and agronomic traits
- Proper care and management, including providing shelter, food, breeding, and disease control, are essential for farm animals and are referred to as animal husbandry
- Poultry farming focuses on raising domestic fowl for egg production and meat (broiler) production
- Crossbreeding between Indian and exotic poultry breeds is used to improve poultry varieties for increased production
- Fish can be sourced from both marine and inland environments
- Fish production can be boosted by cultivating them in both marine and inland ecosystems
- Marine fish are captured using fishing nets, often guided by tools such as echo-sounders and satellite technology
- Composite fish culture is a widely used method for fish farming
- Beekeeping is practiced to produce honey and wax
NCERT Based MCQ with Explanation:
1. Which of the following is a major reason for the increasing demand for food production in India?
(a) Decrease in cultivable land
(b) Growing population
(c) Increase in imports
(d) Excess production
Explanation: India's rapidly growing population requires a corresponding increase in food production to meet the demand, as mentioned in the chapter.
2. What was the key success of the Green Revolution?
(a) Increased milk production
(b) Increased production of vegetables
(c) Increased food grain production
(d) Decreased use of fertilizers
Explanation: The Green Revolution led to significant increases in food grain production, which was one of its key achievements in improving food resources.
3. Why is sustainable farming important?
(a) It helps in increasing soil salinity
(b) It ensures long-term productivity without harming the environment
(c) It requires less use of resources
(d) It reduces the need for pest control
Explanation: Sustainable farming focuses on improving food production while preserving the environment and maintaining natural resource balances.
4. Which of the following is NOT an abiotic factor affecting crop production?
(a) Drought
(b) Salinity
(c) Insect pests
(d) Waterlogging
Explanation: Insect pests are a biotic factor, while drought, salinity, and waterlogging are examples of abiotic factors that can negatively impact crop production.
5. What is hybridization in crop variety improvement?
(a) Crossing plants of the same species
(b) Introducing foreign genes into a plant
(c) Crossing genetically dissimilar plants
(d) Growing two crops together
Explanation: Hybridization involves crossing genetically dissimilar plants to produce a crop with desirable characteristics, such as disease resistance or higher yield.
6. What are the two main types of nutrients plants require?
(a) Vitamins and minerals
(b) Macronutrients and micronutrients
(c) Nitrogen and oxygen
(d) Water and sunlight
Explanation: Plants need macronutrients in large amounts (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus) and micronutrients in smaller amounts (e.g., zinc, copper) for proper growth.
7. What is vermicomposting?
(a) Composting using earthworms to speed up decomposition
(b) Composting by burning organic waste
(c) Composting with chemical fertilizers
(d) Storing compost in water
Explanation: Vermicomposting involves using earthworms to hasten the decomposition of organic material, resulting in nutrient-rich compost.
8. Which crops are typically grown in the Kharif season?
(a) Wheat and gram
(b) Mustard and linseed
(c) Paddy and maize
(d) Peas and linseed
Explanation: Crops like paddy (rice), maize, and pigeon pea are typically grown in the Kharif season, which runs from June to October.
9. What is the main purpose of manure in farming?
(a) To supply large amounts of nitrogen
(b) To increase the water holding capacity of soil
(c) To enhance crop flavor
(d) To reduce pests
Explanation: Manure helps improve soil structure, particularly in sandy soils, by increasing water retention and enriching it with organic matter.
10. Which of the following methods is used in crop protection management?
(a) Only planting genetically modified crops
(b) Using pesticides to control weeds and pests
(c) Avoiding the use of fertilizers
(d) Harvesting crops early
Explanation: Pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides are used in crop protection management to prevent damage from weeds, insects, and diseases.
11. What are genetically modified (GM) crops?
(a) Crops that grow without water
(b) Crops that are bred to be pest resistant or to improve yield through gene introduction
(c) Crops that require no sunlight
(d) Crops that grow faster
Explanation: GM crops are developed by introducing specific genes that provide desirable traits, such as pest resistance or enhanced yield.
12. Which of the following is a Kharif crop?
(a) Wheat
(b) Gram
(c) Mustard
(d) Cotton
Explanation: Cotton is a Kharif crop, which is sown during the rainy season, typically from June to October.
13. What is intercropping?
(a) Growing two or more crops in definite row patterns on the same field
(b) Growing a single crop throughout the year
(c) Planting crops in different fields at different times
(d) Growing multiple crops in random arrangements
Explanation: Intercropping is the practice of growing two or more crops in a planned arrangement, usually in alternating rows, to optimize resource use and minimize pests.
14. Which of the following is a type of fodder crop?
(a) Rice
(b) Wheat
(c) Berseem
(d) Mustard
Explanation: Berseem is a fodder crop that is grown specifically to feed livestock.
15. Which practice helps increase the income of farmers besides crop cultivation?
(a) Leaving fields fallow
(b) Livestock farming, poultry, fisheries, and beekeeping
(c) Increasing pesticide use
(d) Growing only a single crop
Explanation: Mixed farming, which involves integrating livestock, poultry, fisheries, or beekeeping with agriculture, increases farmers' incomes by diversifying their production.
16. What is crop rotation?
(a) Growing the same crop year after year
(b) Growing different crops on the same piece of land in succession
(c) Growing multiple crops together in the same field
(d) Growing crops only during the monsoon
Explanation: Crop rotation involves planting different crops on the same land at different times to maintain soil fertility and reduce the build-up of pests and diseases.
17. Why are fertilizers used in farming?
(a) To reduce the growth of plants
(b) To supply nutrients that improve plant growth and increase yields
(c) To improve the color of the crops
(d) To stop water loss from soil
Explanation: Fertilizers provide essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to crops, promoting better growth and higher productivity.
18. What is the benefit of short-duration crop varieties?
(a) They require less water
(b) They reduce the cost of crop production and allow for multiple cropping
(c) They are easier to harvest
(d) They need less sunlight
Explanation: Short-duration varieties allow farmers to grow more than one crop per year, reducing the cost of production and increasing overall output.
19. What is the primary benefit of mixed cropping?
(a) It increases soil erosion
(b) It provides insurance against the failure of one crop
(c) It reduces crop variety
(d) It increases the number of pests
Explanation: Mixed cropping reduces the risk of complete crop failure by growing more than one type of crop at the same time, ensuring that if one fails, the other may still succeed.
20. What is the major goal of crop variety improvement?
(a) To grow crops with less water
(b) To increase the overall productivity and quality of crops
(c) To produce smaller plants
(d) To reduce plant height
Explanation: Crop variety improvement focuses on developing crops that yield more, are resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses, and have better quality traits.
21. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding fertilizers?
(a) Fertilizers are always organic
(b) Fertilizers should be applied in the correct dose and timing to avoid wastage
(c) Fertilizers have no environmental impact
(d) Fertilizers are only used in organic farming
22. Which irrigation method is typically used where water sources are limited?
(a) Canal irrigation
(b) River lift systems
(c) Rain-fed farming
(d) Tank irrigation
23. What does sustainable agriculture focus on?
(a) Maximizing immediate profits without concern for long-term effects
(b) Maintaining productivity while conserving natural resources and minimizing environmental harm
(c) Using only genetically modified crops
(d) Avoiding the use of any fertilizers or manure
24. Which of the following is a biotic stress in crop production?
(a) Drought
(b) Salinity
(c) Insect pests
(d) Waterlogging
25. Which farming method avoids the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers?
(a) Conventional farming
(b) Monoculture
(c) Organic farming
(d) Intensive farming
26. Which of the following is an example of a rabi crop?
(a) Paddy
(b) Maize
(c) Mustard
(d) Cotton
27. What is the purpose of green manure?
(a) To improve the texture of the soil
(b) To add nitrogen and organic matter to the soil
(c) To reduce water retention in soil
(d) To increase pest resistance
28. What is the role of crop protection management?
(a) To increase plant height
(b) To protect crops from biotic and abiotic factors like pests, weeds, and diseases
(c) To eliminate the need for fertilizers
(d) To avoid the use of pesticides
29. Which of the following factors is considered when developing new crop varieties?
(a) Disease resistance
(b) Pest friendliness
(c) Soil erosion
(d) Reduced water absorption
30. What does composite fish culture involve?
(a) Raising one species of fish
(b) Raising different species of fish that feed at different levels of the pond
(c) Fishing in natural water bodies
(d) Keeping fish in separate tanks
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