This article covers NCERT based MCQ of Class 9th, Chapter-5, The Fundamental Unit of Life with brief explanation for PRT, TGT, PGT exams like HTET, KVS, NVS, SSC and all other state competition exams.
Along with MCQ, Chapter Key-Points for quick learning NCERT related facts are also discussed below.
Right Answer for MCQ will be highlighted on Hover / Click on the option.
- Chromoplasts containing chlorophyll are known as chloroplasts, responsible for photosynthesis.
- Leucoplasts primarily function in storage.
- Mature plant cells typically have a large central vacuole that maintains cell turgidity and stores essential substances, including waste.
- Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, their chromosomes consist solely of nucleic acids, and they contain only small ribosomes as organelles.
- Cells divide to support body growth, replace dead cells, and produce gametes for reproduction.
- The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.
- Cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane made of lipids and proteins.
- The cell membrane actively regulates the movement of materials between the cell’s interior and its external environment.
- In plant cells, a cell wall primarily composed of cellulose is located outside the cell membrane.
- The cell wall allows plant, fungal, and bacterial cells to survive in hypotonic environments without bursting.
- In eukaryotic cells, the nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by a double membrane and controls the cell's activities.
- The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves as a transport channel within the cell and as a surface for manufacturing.
- The Golgi apparatus consists of membrane-bound vesicles responsible for storing, modifying, and packaging substances produced by the cell.
- Plant cells contain large organelles called plastids, which can be classified into two types: chromoplasts and leucoplasts.
1.Who discovered the cell while observing cork slices under a microscope?
(a) Robert Hooke
(b) Anton van Leeuwenhoek
(c) Robert Brown
(d) Matthias Schleiden
Explanation: In 1665, Robert Hooke observed thin slices of cork under a microscope and discovered small compartments, which he named "cells." This marked the beginning of cell biology.
2.Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins in a cell?
(a) Nucleus
(b) Ribosomes
(c) Mitochondria
(d) Golgi apparatus
Explanation: Ribosomes, found either floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), are the sites of protein synthesis in cells.
3.Which of the following processes allows the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?
(a) Diffusion
(b) Osmosis
(c) Endocytosis
(d) Exocytosis
Explanation: Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.
4.Which of the following structures is present in plant cells but absent in animal cells?
(a) Cell membrane
(b) Nucleus
(c) Cell wall
(d) Mitochondria
Explanation: Plant cells have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose that provides structural support, while animal cells lack this structure.
5.What is the function of mitochondria in cells?
(a) Protein synthesis
(b) Energy production
(c) Waste disposal
(d) DNA storage
Explanation: Mitochondria are known as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they generate ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the energy currency of the cell.
6.What term is used to describe the movement of substances from a region of high concentration to low concentration?
(a) Endocytosis
(b) Exocytosis
(c) Diffusion
(d) Active transport
Explanation: Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached.
7.Which part of the cell contains the genetic material DNA?
(a) Nucleus
(b) Cytoplasm
(c) Mitochondria
(d) Golgi apparatus
Explanation: The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material (DNA), which controls the cell's activities and hereditary information.
8.Which cell organelle is known as the ‘suicide bag’ of the cell?
(a) Ribosome
(b) Lysosome
(c) Golgi apparatus
(d) Endoplasmic reticulum
Explanation: Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that can break down worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria. If lysosomes rupture, the enzymes can digest the entire cell, hence the name "suicide bags."
9.What is the main function of the endoplasmic reticulum in a cell?
(a) Photosynthesis
(b) Cellular respiration
(c) Transport of materials
(d) Protein synthesis
Explanation: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves as a channel for the transport of materials between various regions of the cytoplasm or between the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
10.Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?
(a) Controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell
(b) Providing rigidity to plant cells
(c) Protecting the internal environment of the cell
(d) Communicating with external signals
Explanation: The cell membrane controls the movement of substances, protects the cell, and helps in communication. Rigidity in plant cells is provided by the cell wall, not the membrane.
11.What term describes the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane?
(a) Active transport
(b) Diffusion
(c) Osmosis
(d) Endocytosis
Explanation: Osmosis is the process where water moves through a selectively permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration.
12.Which scientist coined the term 'protoplasm' to describe the fluid inside the cell?
(a) Robert Hooke
(b) Robert Brown
(c) J.E. Purkinje
(d) Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Explanation: J.E. Purkinje coined the term 'protoplasm' in 1839 to describe the fluid substance inside the cell.
13.What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
(a) Storage and packaging of materials
(b) Protein synthesis
(c) Cellular respiration
(d) Transport of genetic material
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for storage or transport out of the cell.
14.Which of the following organelles is responsible for photosynthesis?
(a) Mitochondria
(b) Lysosomes
(c) Chloroplasts
(d) Golgi apparatus
Explanation: Chloroplasts contain the pigment chlorophyll and are responsible for capturing light energy to carry out photosynthesis in plant cells.
15.Which of the following is a feature of prokaryotic cells?
(a) Presence of a true nucleus
(b) Membrane-bound organelles
(c) No membrane-bound organelles
(d) Larger size compared to eukaryotic cells
Explanation: Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, unlike eukaryotic cells.
16.What is the main function of the cell wall in plant cells?
(a) To store nutrients
(b) To provide structural support and protection
(c) To regulate the movement of substances
(d) To carry out cellular respiration
Explanation: The cell wall, made of cellulose, provides structural support and protection to plant cells, helping them maintain their shape.
17.Which of the following organelles is responsible for the synthesis of lipids?
(a) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
(b) Golgi apparatus
(c) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
(d) Ribosomes
Explanation: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is involved in the synthesis of lipids, including fats and oils, which are essential for cell membranes and other functions.
18.What type of cell division results in the production of two identical daughter cells?
(a) Meiosis
(b) Binary fission
(c) Mitosis
(d) Cytokinesis
Explanation: Mitosis is a type of cell division in which one parent cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells. It is involved in growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.
19.Which cell organelle is referred to as the ‘powerhouse’ of the cell?
(a) Chloroplast
(b) Golgi apparatus
(c) Lysosome
(d) Mitochondria
Explanation: Mitochondria generate energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration, hence they are called the ‘powerhouse’ of the cell.
20.What is the process by which a cell engulfs material from its environment?
(a) Exocytosis
(b) Diffusion
(c) Endocytosis
(d) Osmosis
Explanation: Endocytosis is the process by which a cell takes in material from the outside by engulfing it with its plasma membrane.
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