NCERT Based MCQ with Explanation:
1. What is the science of life forms and living processes called?
(a) Physics
(b) Biology
(c) Chemistry
(d) Geology
Explanation: Biology is the scientific study of life forms, their processes, and living organisms.
2. Which of the following focuses on the classification of animals and plants?
(a) Physics
(b) Taxonomy
(c) Geology
(d) Anatomy
Explanation: Taxonomy is the branch of biology that deals with the classification, identification, and naming of organisms.
3. Who is known as the "Darwin of the 20th century"?
(a) Carl Linnaeus
(b) Gregor Mendel
(c) Ernst Mayr
(d) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Explanation: Ernst Mayr is known as the "Darwin of the 20th century" for his contributions to evolutionary biology, particularly the concept of species and speciation.
4. What is the process of naming living organisms called?
(a) Identification
(b) Nomenclature
(c) Classification
(d) Taxonomy
Explanation: Nomenclature refers to the system of naming organisms, which ensures that each organism has a universally recognized scientific name.
5. What is the total estimated number of known and described species?
(a) 0.5-0.7 million
(b) 1.7-1.8 million
(c) 5-6 million
(d) 10-12 million
Explanation: The number of known and described species ranges between 1.7-1.8 million, although many more species remain undiscovered.
6. Why is there a need to standardize the naming of living organisms?
(a) To reduce confusion caused by local names
(b) To make biology simpler
(c) To promote scientific research
(d) To preserve endangered species
Explanation: Standardizing names through scientific nomenclature helps avoid confusion that arises from local names varying across regions.
7. What is the binomial nomenclature system?
(a) A system with three names
(b) A system of providing a name with two components
(c) A classification system based on genetic traits
(d) A ranking system in taxonomy
Explanation: Binomial nomenclature, developed by Carolus Linnaeus, assigns organisms a scientific name consisting of two parts: the genus and the species.
8. The scientific name of the mango is:
(a) Solanum tuberosum
(b) Mangifera indica
(c) Homo sapiens
(d) Panthera leo
Explanation: The scientific name of the mango is Mangifera indica, where "Mangifera" represents the genus and "indica" is the species.
9. Which international code governs the naming of plants?
(a) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN)
(b) International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN)
(c) Linnaean System
(d) Darwinian Classification
Explanation: The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) sets the rules for naming plants, ensuring consistent and universally accepted names.
10. What is the genus in the scientific name Mangifera indica?
(a) Mangifera
(b) indica
(c) Mango
(d) Anacardiaceae
Explanation: In the binomial nomenclature system, "Mangifera" is the genus of the mango, while "indica" is the species.
12th Biology MCQ for HTET REET KVS EMRS 202511. What is the basic unit of classification in taxonomy?
(a) Phylum
(b) Kingdom
(c) Species
(d) Family
Explanation: The species is the most fundamental unit of classification, representing a group of organisms with significant similarities.
12. Which of the following is NOT a universal rule of nomenclature?
(a) Biological names are in Latin
(b) The first word represents the genus
(c) Scientific names must be in English
(d) Both genus and species names are written in italics
Explanation: Scientific names are typically in Latin or Latinized, not English. They follow a standardized binomial nomenclature format.
13. What is the main goal of classification in biology?
(a) To describe the history of an organism
(b) To group organisms based on their useful traits
(c) To group organisms based on similarities and differences
(d) To predict future evolution of species
Explanation: Classification organizes organisms into categories based on observable similarities and differences, helping in their study and identification.
14. The system of classification that groups organisms based on evolutionary relationships is called:
(a) Taxonomy
(b) Systematics
(c) Phylogeny
(d) Morphology
Explanation: Systematics focuses on classifying organisms based on their evolutionary relationships, providing a broader understanding of biodiversity.
15. What is the primary characteristic used in modern taxonomy to classify organisms?
(a) Physical size
(b) Genetic makeup
(c) Behavioral traits
(d) Color
Explanation: Modern taxonomy primarily uses genetic and molecular characteristics to classify organisms more accurately.
16. What is the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms called?
(a) Taxonomy
(b) Systematics
(c) Ecology
(d) Morphology
Explanation: Systematics is the branch of biology that deals with the evolutionary relationships and classification of organisms.
17. Which category is the most specific in the taxonomic hierarchy?
(a) Phylum
(b) Order
(c) Genus
(d) Species
Explanation: In the taxonomic hierarchy, the species is the most specific category, representing organisms that are capable of interbreeding.
18. In which of the following taxonomic categories do humans belong?
(a) Felidae
(b) Hominidae
(c) Canidae
(d) Solanaceae
Explanation: Humans belong to the family Hominidae, which includes great apes and humans.
19. What is the name of the system that provides scientific names with two components?
(a) Trinomial nomenclature
(b) Binary classification
(c) Binomial nomenclature
(d) Linnaean system
Explanation: Binomial nomenclature is the two-component naming system developed by Carolus Linnaeus, consisting of a genus and species name.
20. Which scientist is credited with developing the binomial nomenclature system?
(a) Ernst Mayr
(b) Carl Linnaeus
(c) Charles Darwin
(d) Gregor Mendel
Explanation: Carl Linnaeus developed the binomial nomenclature system, which is used universally for naming organisms.
21. What does the genus in a scientific name represent?
(a) A group of related families
(b) A group of related species
(c) A group of unrelated organisms
(d) A group of similar kingdoms
22. Which category in taxonomy is broader than genus but narrower than class?
(a) Family
(b) Phylum
(c) Order
(d) Species
23. In the scientific name *Panthera leo*, "leo" represents the:
(a) Genus
(b) Species
(c) Family
(d) Order
24. The taxonomic group that includes both cats (Felis) and lions (Panthera) is:
(a) Genus
(b) Family
(c) Order
(d) Class
25. What is the order to which both lions and cats belong?
(a) Primata
(b) Carnivora
(c) Insecta
(d) Felidae
26. Which of the following is an example of a taxonomic class?
(a) Mammalia
(b) Arthropoda
(c) Plantae
(d) Solanaceae
27. What is the category above order in the taxonomic hierarchy?
(a) Phylum
(b) Class
(c) Family
(d) Species
28. Which category in the taxonomic hierarchy includes animals with a notochord and a dorsal nerve cord?
(a) Class
(b) Phylum
(c) Family
(d) Genus
29. Which taxonomic category is broader than both genus and species?
(a) Order
(b) Family
(c) Phylum
(d) Class
30. In taxonomy, which is the highest category of classification?
(a) Phylum
(b) Order
(c) Family
(d) Kingdom
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