NCERT Based MCQ with Explanation:
1. Who proposed the Five Kingdom classification system?
(a) Linnaeus
(b) Darwin
(c) Whittaker
(d) Hooker
Explanation: R.H. Whittaker proposed the Five Kingdom classification system in 1969, dividing organisms into Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
2. What is excluded from Kingdom Plantae in modern classification?
(a) Algae
(b) Bryophytes
(c) Fungi
(d) Gymnosperms
Explanation: Fungi, cyanobacteria, and some protists were previously placed under Plantae but are excluded in modern classifications.
3. Which classification system uses vegetative characteristics for grouping plants?
(a) Natural classification
(b) Phylogenetic classification
(c) Artificial classification
(d) Cytotaxonomy
Explanation: Artificial classification systems, such as the one by Linnaeus, used only morphological characters like habit, color, and leaf shape for classification.
4. What is the term for classification based on evolutionary relationships?
(a) Artificial classification
(b) Numerical taxonomy
(c) Phylogenetic classification
(d) Natural classification
Explanation: Phylogenetic classification systems group organisms based on evolutionary relationships.
5. Numerical taxonomy uses which of the following tools to classify plants?
(a) Chromosome behavior
(b) Chemical constituents
(c) Observable characteristics
(d) Fossil evidence
Explanation: Numerical taxonomy assigns codes to all observable characteristics and processes them to classify plants.
6. Which type of taxonomy relies on cytological information like chromosome number and structure?
(a) Numerical taxonomy
(b) Cytotaxonomy
(c) Chemotaxonomy
(d) Phylogenetic taxonomy
Explanation: Cytotaxonomy uses cytological information like chromosome behavior to resolve classification issues.
7. What is the primary habitat of algae?
(a) Soil
(b) Marine and freshwater
(c) Forests
(d) Rocks
Explanation: Algae are largely aquatic organisms, found in both marine and freshwater environments.
8. Which of the following is an example of a colonial alga?
(a) Ulothrix
(b) Volvox
(c) Spirogyra
(d) Fucus
Explanation: Volvox is a colonial form of algae.
9. What is the storage product in Chlorophyceae?
(a) Laminarin
(b) Starch
(c) Mannitol
(d) Floridean starch
Explanation: Chlorophyceae, or green algae, store food in the form of starch.
10. Which of the following algae produces agar?
(a) Chlamydomonas
(b) Gelidium
(c) Fucus
(d) Laminaria
Explanation: Agar is produced by red algae such as Gelidium and Gracilaria.
Class-12, Biology MCQ PDF, All Chapters11. The members of which group of algae are commonly called green algae?
(a) Rhodophyceae
(b) Phaeophyceae
(c) Chlorophyceae
(d) Cyanobacteria
Explanation: Chlorophyceae is the class of algae commonly referred to as green algae.
12. Which of the following is a multicellular red alga?
(a) Spirogyra
(b) Volvox
(c) Polysiphonia
(d) Ulothrix
Explanation: Polysiphonia is a multicellular red alga found in marine environments.
13. What pigment is predominant in red algae?
(a) Chlorophyll b
(b) Fucoxanthin
(c) Phycoerythrin
(d) Xanthophyll
Explanation: Red algae contain the red pigment phycoerythrin, giving them their characteristic color.
14. What reproductive method is common in algae?
(a) Only vegetative
(b) Only sexual
(c) Both vegetative and sexual
(d) None
Explanation: Algae reproduce through vegetative, asexual, and sexual methods.
15. Which class of algae contains fucoxanthin as a pigment?
(a) Chlorophyceae
(b) Phaeophyceae
(c) Rhodophyceae
(d) Cyanobacteria
Explanation: Phaeophyceae, or brown algae, contain the pigment fucoxanthin.
16. Which is the flagella configuration in brown algae zoospores?
(a) Two unequal flagella
(b) One equal flagellum
(c) No flagella
(d) Three unequal flagella
Explanation: Brown algae have zoospores with two unequal flagella attached laterally.
17. Which of the following algae is used in the preparation of ice-creams and jellies?
(a) Chlorella
(b) Gelidium
(c) Ectocarpus
(d) Dictyota
Explanation: Gelidium is used commercially to produce agar, which is used in food preparations like ice-creams and jellies.
18. What structure attaches brown algae to the substrate?
(a) Holdfast
(b) Stipe
(c) Frond
(d) Rhizoids
Explanation: Brown algae have a structure called a holdfast that anchors them to the substrate, while the stipe and frond aid in support and photosynthesis.
19. Which pigment gives brown algae its characteristic color?
(a) Phycocyanin
(b) Phycoerythrin
(c) Fucoxanthin
(d) Carotene
Explanation: The brown color of phaeophyceae (brown algae) is due to the presence of fucoxanthin pigment.
20. What is the primary storage product in red algae (Rhodophyceae)?
(a) Laminarin
(b) Floridean starch
(c) Glycogen
(d) Starch
Explanation: Red algae store food as Floridean starch, which is structurally similar to glycogen.
21. Which of the following are oogamous species?
(a) Ulothrix and Spirogyra
(b) Volvox and Fucus
(c) Ectocarpus and Dictyota
(d) Chlamydomonas and Eudorina
22. Which type of reproduction is shown by Ulothrix, where gametes are flagellated and similar in size?
(a) Oogamy
(b) Isogamy
(c) Anisogamy
(d) Fragmentation
23. In what form is food stored in brown algae?
(a) Floridean starch
(b) Laminarin and mannitol
(c) Starch and protein
(d) Pyrenoids
24. Which of the following is NOT true about Chlorophyceae?
(a) They are commonly called green algae
(b) They store food as mannitol
(c) Chlorophyll a and b are dominant
(d) They have pyrenoids for storing protein and starch
25. What is the primary mode of vegetative reproduction in algae?
(a) Spore formation
(b) Fragmentation
(c) Budding
(d) Binary fission
26. Which pigment is absent in Chlorophyceae?
(a) Chlorophyll a
(b) Chlorophyll b
(c) Fucoxanthin
(d) Carotenoids
27. The most complex red algae are found in which environment?
(a) Freshwater
(b) Marine, near the surface
(c) Deep marine waters
(d) Moist rocks
28. In brown algae, where are zoospores produced?
(a) Rhizoids
(b) Zoosporangia
(c) Fronds
(d) Pyrenoids
29. Which group of plants is known as amphibians of the plant kingdom?
(a) Algae
(b) Bryophytes
(c) Gymnosperms
(d) Pteridophytes
30. What is the dominant phase in the life cycle of bryophytes?
(a) Sporophyte
(b) Gametophyte
(c) Prothallus
(d) Zygote
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