NCERT Based MCQ with Explanation:
1. What is the main function of the root system?
(A) Photosynthesis
(B) Anchorage and absorption
(C) Reproduction
(D) Growth regulation
Explanation: The root system provides anchorage to the plant and absorbs water and minerals from the soil.
2. Which type of root system is typical for dicotyledonous plants?
(A) Fibrous root system
(B) Tap root system
(C) Adventitious root system
(D) None of the above
Explanation: Dicotyledonous plants typically have a tap root system, where the primary root persists and grows.
3. Which region of the root is responsible for absorption?
(A) Region of maturation
(B) Region of elongation
(C) Root cap
(D) Region of meristematic activity
Explanation: The region of maturation has root hairs that absorb water and minerals from the soil.
4. Which of the following is not a function of the stem?
(A) Conducting water and minerals
(B) Bearing flowers and fruits
(C) Absorption of nutrients
(D) Providing mechanical support
Explanation: Absorption of nutrients is mainly the function of the roots, while stems conduct nutrients and provide support.
5. In monocotyledonous plants, which root system is commonly found?
(A) Tap root system
(B) Fibrous root system
(C) Adventitious root system
(D) None of the above
Explanation: Monocotyledonous plants like wheat have a fibrous root system.
6. What term is used for roots arising from parts of the plant other than the radicle?
(A) Tap roots
(B) Fibrous roots
(C) Adventitious roots
(D) Secondary roots
Explanation: Adventitious roots arise from stems, leaves, or other parts of the plant rather than the radicle.
7. Which part of the stem bears nodes and internodes?
(A) Root
(B) Leaf
(C) Bud
(D) Stem
Explanation: The stem consists of nodes (where leaves and buds arise) and internodes (the spaces between nodes).
8. What are the lateral outgrowths of the stem that are generally green and responsible for photosynthesis?
(A) Roots
(B) Leaves
(C) Flowers
(D) Fruits
Explanation: Leaves are the green, lateral structures responsible for photosynthesis.
9. Which type of venation is typically found in monocotyledonous plants?
(A) Reticulate
(B) Parallel
(C) Both reticulate and parallel
(D) None of the above
Explanation: Monocotyledonous plants like grasses usually have parallel venation.
10. In which of the following plants is the leaf base swollen, forming a structure called pulvinus?
(A) Wheat
(B) Grass
(C) Pea
(D) Rose
Explanation: In some leguminous plants like pea, the leaf base may become swollen and is called pulvinus.
Science MCQ, Class 10th, Chapter-4, Carbon and its Compounds11. What is the term for the arrangement of veins and veinlets in the lamina of a leaf?
(A) Phyllotaxy
(B) Venation
(C) Placentation
(D) Aestivation
Explanation: Venation refers to the pattern of arrangement of veins and veinlets in the leaf.
12. Which type of leaf has its lamina divided into leaflets?
(A) Simple leaf
(B) Compound leaf
(C) Alternate leaf
(D) Whorled leaf
Explanation: In compound leaves, the lamina is divided into multiple leaflets.
13. The arrangement of leaves on the stem is called:
(A) Venation
(B) Phyllotaxy
(C) Aestivation
(D) Placentation
Explanation: Phyllotaxy refers to the arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch.
14. What is the term for the arrangement of sepals or petals in floral buds with respect to others in the same whorl?
(A) Aestivation
(B) Placentation
(C) Phyllotaxy
(D) Venation
Explanation: Aestivation is the arrangement of sepals or petals in relation to each other in a bud.
15. Which type of aestivation is seen when sepals or petals in a whorl touch each other without overlapping?
(A) Twisted
(B) Valvate
(C) Imbricate
(D) Vexillary
Explanation: In valvate aestivation, the sepals or petals touch each other at the margins without overlapping.
16. What term describes a flower that has both androecium and gynoecium?
(A) Bisexual
(B) Unisexual
(C) Dioecious
(D) Monoecious
Explanation: A flower with both male (androecium) and female (gynoecium) parts is termed bisexual.
17. Which type of inflorescence shows continuous growth of the main axis?
(A) Racemose
(B) Cymose
(C) Solitary
(D) Basal
Explanation: In racemose inflorescence, the main axis continues to grow and flowers develop laterally.
18. What is the function of a stigma in the flower?
(A) To produce pollen
(B) To receive pollen
(C) To produce nectar
(D) To protect ovules
Explanation: The stigma is the part of the gynoecium that receives pollen during fertilization.
19. Which type of placentation is seen in a multilocular ovary with axial attachment of ovules?
(A) Marginal
(B) Parietal
(C) Basal
(D) Axile
Explanation: In axile placentation, the ovules are attached to a central axis in a multilocular ovary.
20. Which fruit is known as a drupe?
(A) Mango
(B) Pea
(C) Lemon
(D) Tomato
Explanation: Mango is a drupe, a type of fruit with a fleshy outer layer and a stony inner layer.
21. What is the small opening in the seed coat called, through which water can enter during germination?
(A) Hilum
(B) Micropyle
(C) Testa
(D) Tegmen
22. What is the seed coat composed of in a dicotyledonous seed?
(A) Endosperm and aleurone layer
(B) Testa and tegmen
(C) Plumule and radicle
(D) Epicarp and mesocarp
23. Which part of the seed develops into the shoot during germination?
(A) Radicle
(B) Cotyledon
(C) Plumule
(D) Endosperm
24. What is the term used for the attachment point of the seed to the fruit wall?
(A) Micropyle
(B) Hilum
(C) Radicle
(D) Cotyledon
25. Which type of aestivation is characterized by overlapping of petals in a non-specific direction?
(A) Twisted
(B) Valvate
(C) Vexillary
(D) Imbricate
26. What is the function of the cotyledon in a seed?
(A) Protection of the embryo
(B) Photosynthesis
(C) Storage of food
(D) Absorption of water
27. What type of placentation is seen when ovules are attached to the wall of a unilocular ovary?
(A) Marginal
(B) Axile
(C) Parietal
(D) Free central
28. Which plant shows a modification of roots for respiration?
(A) Mangrove
(B) Mustard
(C) Mango
(D) Pea
29. The arrangement of floral members on the thalamus where the ovary is superior is called:
(A) Epigynous
(B) Hypogynous
(C) Perigynous
(D) Basal
30. Which type of inflorescence is characterized by the termination of the main axis into a flower?
(A) Racemose
(B) Cymose
(C) Panicle
(D) Spike
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