NCERT Based MCQ with Explanation:
1. Which of the following tissue systems forms the outermost covering of a plant?
(a) Vascular tissue system
(b) Ground tissue system
(c) Epidermal tissue system
(d) Meristematic tissue system
Explanation: The epidermal tissue system forms the outermost covering of the plant body, including the epidermal cells, stomata, and trichomes.
2. The root hairs are an extension of which tissue?
(a) Parenchyma
(b) Collenchyma
(c) Epidermal cells
(d) Phloem cells
Explanation: Root hairs are unicellular extensions of epidermal cells, responsible for absorbing water and minerals from the soil.
3. In dicotyledonous plants, which of the following types of vascular bundles are found?
(a) Radial and closed
(b) Conjoint and closed
(c) Conjoint and open
(d) Radial and open
Explanation: Dicotyledonous plants have conjoint vascular bundles with a cambium, allowing secondary growth.
4. What is the function of trichomes in the shoot system?
(a) Water absorption
(b) Prevention of water loss
(c) Food storage
(d) Photosynthesis
Explanation: Trichomes in the shoot system are usually multicellular and help reduce water loss by limiting transpiration.
5. What is the characteristic feature of stomata in grasses?
(a) Bean-shaped guard cells
(b) Dumbbell-shaped guard cells
(c) Trichomes on guard cells
(d) Lack of subsidiary cells
Explanation: Grasses have dumbbell-shaped guard cells that regulate the opening and closing of stomata.
6. In which part of the leaf are bulliform cells found?
(a) Veins
(b) Spongy parenchyma
(c) Palisade parenchyma
(d) Epidermis
Explanation: Bulliform cells are large, empty, colorless cells located in the epidermis of monocotyledonous leaves, playing a role in water conservation by curling the leaves during water stress.
7. The casparian strips are present in which layer of cells?
(a) Epidermis
(b) Endodermis
(c) Pericycle
(d) Cortex
Explanation: Casparian strips are water-impermeable, suberin-rich deposits found in the radial and tangential walls of endodermal cells, helping regulate water flow.
8. In which part of the plant is secondary growth initiated?
(a) Phloem
(b) Xylem
(c) Pericycle
(d) Epidermis
Explanation: In dicotyledonous roots, secondary growth begins in the pericycle, which produces vascular cambium and secondary vascular tissues.
9. Which of the following is true about monocotyledonous roots?
(a) They have a well-developed secondary growth.
(b) They have fewer xylem bundles.
(c) They do not undergo secondary growth.
(d) They lack endodermis.
Explanation: Monocotyledonous roots typically do not undergo secondary growth and usually have more than six xylem bundles (polyarch).
10. What type of cells constitute the hypodermis of monocot stems?
(a) Parenchyma
(b) Collenchyma
(c) Sclerenchyma
(d) Phloem
Explanation: The hypodermis of monocotyledonous stems consists of sclerenchymatous cells, which provide mechanical support.
11. In which of the following organs is the pith usually small or inconspicuous?
(a) Dicot stem
(b) Dicot root
(c) Monocot stem
(d) Monocot root
Explanation: In dicot roots, the pith is usually small or absent, as most of the central space is occupied by vascular tissues.
12. What is the role of the cuticle in the epidermal layer?
(a) Gas exchange
(b) Absorption of water
(c) Prevention of water loss
(d) Photosynthesis
Explanation: The cuticle is a waxy layer covering the epidermis, preventing excessive water loss, especially in aerial parts of the plant.
13. Which tissue is primarily responsible for photosynthesis in leaves?
(a) Epidermis
(b) Parenchyma
(c) Mesophyll
(d) Phloem
Explanation: The mesophyll, located between the upper and lower epidermis of leaves, consists of chloroplast-rich parenchyma cells responsible for photosynthesis.
14. In monocot leaves, the vascular bundles are surrounded by which type of cells?
(a) Parenchyma cells
(b) Bundle sheath cells
(c) Bulliform cells
(d) Endodermal cells
Explanation: The vascular bundles in monocot leaves are surrounded by a layer of bundle sheath cells, providing structural support and regulating transport.
15. What kind of vascular bundles are present in monocot stems?
(a) Radial and open
(b) Conjoint and open
(c) Conjoint and closed
(d) Radial and closed
Explanation: Monocot stems have conjoint and closed vascular bundles, meaning they lack cambium and do not undergo secondary growth.
16. The stomatal apparatus consists of which structures?
(a) Epidermal cells, guard cells, and subsidiary cells
(b) Trichomes and guard cells
(c) Xylem, phloem, and epidermal cells
(d) Parenchyma, sclerenchyma, and stomata
Explanation: The stomatal apparatus consists of the stomatal pore, guard cells, and surrounding subsidiary cells, responsible for gas exchange and transpiration control.
17. The endodermis in a root contains which distinctive structure?
(a) Guard cells
(b) Casparian strips
(c) Trichomes
(d) Lenticels
Explanation: The endodermis contains Casparian strips, which are suberin deposits that control the movement of water and nutrients into the vascular tissue.
18. What is the main function of sclerenchyma in plants?
(a) Water absorption
(b) Storage of food
(c) Mechanical support
(d) Photosynthesis
Explanation: Sclerenchyma provides mechanical strength to plants due to its thick, lignified cell walls.
19. In a monocot leaf, what helps reduce water loss during drought conditions?
(a) Trichomes
(b) Stomata
(c) Bulliform cells
(d) Mesophyll cells
Explanation: Bulliform cells, located in the epidermis of monocot leaves, cause the leaf to curl inward during water stress, reducing water loss.
20. The phloem of a plant is primarily responsible for which function?
(a) Water conduction
(b) Food storage
(c) Mechanical support
(d) Transport of nutrients
Explanation: Phloem conducts organic nutrients, especially sugars produced by photosynthesis, from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
21. In which part of the plant do lateral roots originate?
(a) Epidermis
(b) Cortex
(c) Pericycle
(d) Endodermis
22. In a transverse section of a monocot leaf, which type of vascular bundles are commonly observed?
(a) Closed
(b) Open
(c) Radial
(d) Collateral
23. What type of cells make up the palisade parenchyma in a dicot leaf?
(a) Loosely arranged, oval-shaped cells
(b) Elongated, vertically arranged cells
(c) Irregular, loosely arranged cells
(d) Large, water-storing cells
24. Which of the following is true about the xylem in monocot roots?
(a) Xylem is surrounded by cambium
(b) Xylem is present in radial arrangement
(c) Xylem has fewer than six bundles
(d) Xylem is associated with secondary growth
25. In dicot stems, where is the cambium located?
(a) Between the cortex and pith
(b) Between the epidermis and cortex
(c) Between the xylem and phloem
(d) Between the endodermis and pericycle
26. In a dorsiventral leaf, which tissue is responsible for gaseous exchange?
(a) Epidermis
(b) Mesophyll
(c) Vascular bundles
(d) Guard cells
27. What is the role of mesophyll in a dorsiventral leaf?
(a) Conducting water
(b) Supporting the leaf structure
(c) Photosynthesis
(d) Protecting against water loss
28. Which type of vascular bundle arrangement is characteristic of monocot roots?
(a) Radial and open
(b) Conjoint and open
(c) Radial and closed
(d) Conjoint and closed
29. What tissue is absent in the vascular bundles of monocot stems?
(a) Phloem fibers
(b) Phloem parenchyma
(c) Xylem tracheids
(d) Sieve tube elements
30. In dicot stems, what is the function of medullary rays?
(a) Transport of nutrients laterally
(b) Conduct water longitudinally
(c) Support mechanical strength
(d) Regulate gas exchange
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