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Biology MCQ, Class 11th, Chapter-15, Body Fluids and Circulation
NCERT Based MCQ with Explanation:
1. What event is considered a unique event in the history of the universe?
(a) Formation of galaxies
(b) Origin of life
(c) Big Bang
(d) Formation of Earth
Explanation: The text states, "The origin of life is considered a unique event in the history of universe," emphasizing its singularity compared to other cosmic events like the Big Bang or galaxy formation.
2. How old is the universe estimated to be?
(a) 4.5 billion years
(b) 20 billion years
(c) 500 million years
(d) 3 billion years
Explanation: The chapter notes, "The universe is very old – almost 20 billion years old," providing a clear estimate of its age.
3. What theory attempts to explain the origin of the universe?
(a) Panspermia
(b) Spontaneous generation
(c) Big Bang theory
(d) Chemical evolution
Explanation: The text mentions, "The Big Bang theory attempts to explain to us the origin of universe," distinguishing it from other theories like panspermia or chemical evolution.
4. When was Earth supposed to have been formed?
(a) 20 billion years ago
(b) 4.5 billion years ago
(c) 500 million years ago
(d) 3 billion years ago
Explanation: According to the chapter, "In the solar system of the milky way galaxy, earth was supposed to have been formed about 4.5 billion years back."
Biology MCQ Class, 12th, All Chapters with PDF
5. What gases were initially present in Earth’s early atmosphere?
(a) Oxygen and nitrogen
(b) Water vapor, methane, carbon dioxide, and ammonia
(c) Hydrogen and helium
(d) Carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide
Explanation: The text lists these gases: "Water vapour, methane, carbondioxide and ammonia released from molten mass covered the surface."
6. What caused the breakdown of water into hydrogen and oxygen on early Earth?
(a) Volcanic activity
(b) UV rays from the sun
(c) Lightning
(d) Chemical reactions
Explanation: The chapter states, "The UV rays from the sun broke up water into Hydrogen and Oxygen," explaining the process.
7. How long after Earth’s formation did life appear?
(a) 500 million years
(b) 4 billion years
(c) 2000 million years
(d) 3 billion years
Explanation: The text specifies, "Life appeared 500 million years after the formation of earth," which, given Earth’s 4.5 billion-year age, places it at about 4 billion years ago.
8. What is the idea that life came from outer space called?
(a) Spontaneous generation
(b) Panspermia
(c) Chemical evolution
(d) Abiogenesis
Explanation: The chapter notes, "‘Panspermia’ is still a favourite idea for some astronomers," referring to the theory of life originating from extraterrestrial spores.
9. Who disproved the theory of spontaneous generation?
(a) Charles Darwin
(b) Louis Pasteur
(c) S.L. Miller
(d) Oparin
Explanation: The text credits Louis Pasteur: "Louis Pasteur by careful experimentation demonstrated that life comes only from pre-existing life," disproving spontaneous generation.
10. What did S.L. Miller observe in his 1953 experiment?
(a) Formation of DNA
(b) Formation of amino acids
(c) Formation of cells
(d) Formation of oxygen
Explanation: The chapter states, "He observed formation of amino acids," describing Miller’s experiment simulating early Earth conditions.
Science MCQ, Class 10th, Chapter-12, Magnetic Effects of Electric Current11. What is the main idea of the theory of special creation?
(a) Life forms evolved gradually
(b) All species were created as they are today
(c) Earth is billions of years old
(d) Natural selection drives evolution
Explanation: The text outlines, "One, that all living organisms (species or types) that we see today were created as such," as a key connotation of special creation.
12. Who concluded that existing life forms share similarities with extinct ones?
(a) Alfred Wallace
(b) Charles Darwin
(c) Louis Pasteur
(d) S.L. Miller
Explanation: The chapter credits Darwin: "Charles Darwin concluded that existing living forms share similarities to varying degrees not only among themselves but also with life forms that existed millions of years ago."
13. What ship did Charles Darwin sail on during his observations?
(a) H.M.S. Victory
(b) H.M.S. Beagle
(c) H.M.S. Endeavour
(d) H.M.S. Enterprise
Explanation: The text mentions, "Based on observations made during a sea voyage in a sail ship called H.M.S. Beagle."
14. What does Darwin’s concept of fitness refer to?
(a) Physical strength
(b) Reproductive success
(c) Speed of adaptation
(d) Intelligence
Explanation: The chapter explains, "The fitness, according to Darwin, refers ultimately and only to reproductive fitness."
15. Who else came to similar conclusions as Darwin around the same time?
(a) Hugo deVries
(b) Alfred Wallace
(c) Ernst Heckel
(d) Lamarck
Explanation: The text notes, "Alfred Wallace, a naturalist who worked in Malay Archipelago had also come to similar conclusions around the same time."
16. What mechanism did Darwin propose for evolution?
(a) Genetic drift
(b) Natural selection
(c) Mutation
(d) Gene flow
Explanation: The chapter states, "He called it natural selection and implied it as a mechanism of evolution."
17. What does the geological history of Earth correlate with?
(a) Chemical evolution
(b) Biological history
(c) Stellar evolution
(d) Atmospheric changes
Explanation: The text concludes, "The geological history of earth closely correlates with the biological history of earth."
18. How old did the special creation theory suggest Earth to be?
(a) 4.5 billion years
(b) 4000 years
(c) 20 billion years
(d) 500 million years
Explanation: The chapter states, "Three, that earth is about 4000 years old," as part of the special creation theory.
19. What concept suggests that better-adapted individuals leave more progeny?
(a) Genetic drift
(b) Natural selection
(c) Mutation
(d) Panspermia
Explanation: The text explains, "These, therefore, will survive more and hence are selected by nature," linking adaptation to reproductive success.
20. What observation challenged the idea of a young Earth?
(a) Fossil records
(b) Genetic mutations
(c) Embryological studies
(d) Chemical evolution
Explanation: The chapter implies that fossil evidence and Darwin’s observations during the 19th century challenged the notion of a 4000-year-old Earth.
21. What are fossils primarily composed of?
(a) Soft tissues
(b) Hard parts of organisms
(c) DNA fragments
(d) Proteins
22. What do different-aged rock sediments contain?
(a) Living organisms
(b) Fossils of different life forms
(c) Chemical compounds
(d) Modern species
23. What type of evidence comes from the study of fossils?
(a) Embryological
(b) Paleontological
(c) Biochemical
(d) Morphological
24. Which scientist proposed embryological support for evolution?
(a) Karl Ernst von Baer
(b) Ernst Heckel
(c) Charles Darwin
(d) Alfred Wallace
25. What feature is common to vertebrate embryos but absent in most adults?
(a) Tail
(b) Gill slits
(c) Wings
(d) Fins
26. Who disproved Heckel’s embryological theory?
(a) Charles Darwin
(b) Karl Ernst von Baer
(c) S.L. Miller
(d) Louis Pasteur
27. What type of evolution is indicated by homologous structures?
(a) Convergent
(b) Divergent
(c) Parallel
(d) Adaptive
28. Which of the following is an example of homologous structures?
(a) Wings of birds and butterflies
(b) Forelimbs of whales and bats
(c) Eyes of octopuses and mammals
(d) Flippers of penguins and dolphins
29. What type of evolution is indicated by analogous structures?
(a) Divergent
(b) Convergent
(c) Parallel
(d) Adaptive
30. Which pair represents analogous structures?
(a) Thorn of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita
(b) Wings of butterflies and birds
(c) Forelimbs of humans and cheetahs
(d) Hearts of vertebrates
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