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NCERT Geography MCQ, Class-9th
NCERT Geography MCQ, Class-10th
NCERT Based MCQ with Explanation:
1. Who proposed the theory of continental drift?
(a) Arthur Holmes
(b) Alfred Wegener
(c) Harry Hess
(d) McKenzie
Explanation: Alfred Wegener suggested the continental drift theory, proposing that continents were once joined and later drifted apart, supported by evidence like matching coastlines and fossils.
2. What is the age of the earliest marine deposits along the coastlines of South America and Africa?
(a) Jurassic
(b) Triassic
(c) Cretaceous
(d) Permian
Explanation: The document states that the earliest marine deposits along South America and Africa are from the Jurassic age, indicating the ocean formed after that time.
3. What is tillite?
(a) A volcanic rock
(b) A sedimentary rock formed from glacial deposits
(c) A metamorphic rock
(d) An igneous rock from ocean ridges
Explanation: Tillite is defined as a sedimentary rock formed from glacier deposits, providing evidence of past glaciation and continental drift.
4. Which landmasses have counterparts to the Gondwana system of sediments found in India?
(a) North America and Europe
(b) Africa, Antarctica, and Australia
(c) Asia and South America
(d) Greenland and Siberia
Explanation: The document mentions that the Gondwana sediments from India have counterparts in six Southern Hemisphere landmasses, including Africa, Antarctica, and Australia.
5. What does the presence of glacial tillite indicate?
(a) Volcanic activity
(b) Extensive and prolonged glaciation
(c) Ocean floor spreading
(d) Plate subduction
Explanation: Glacial tillite at the base of Gondwana sediments indicates widespread glaciation, supporting the idea that these landmasses were once connected.
6. Where are rich placer deposits of gold found without a local source rock?
(a) Brazil
(b) Ghana coast
(c) Australia
(d) South Africa
Explanation: The document highlights the unusual presence of gold placer deposits on the Ghana coast, with no source rock nearby, suggesting derivation from Brazil when the continents were adjacent.
7. What is the likely source of gold deposits on the Ghana coast?
(a) Local volcanic activity
(b) Brazil plateau
(c) Ocean currents
(d) Antarctic glaciers
Explanation: The gold-bearing veins are in Brazil, and the document suggests that Ghana’s gold deposits originated from there when the continents were side by side.
8. Which animal’s distribution led to the idea of a landmass called ‘Lemuria’?
(a) Mesosaurus
(b) Lemurs
(c) Dinosaurs
(d) Penguins
Explanation: The presence of lemurs in India, Madagascar, and Africa prompted the hypothesis of a contiguous landmass, ‘Lemuria,’ connecting these regions.
9. Where are Mesosaurus skeletons primarily found?
(a) India and Australia
(b) South Africa and Brazil
(c) Antarctica and Madagascar
(d) North America and Europe
Explanation: Mesosaurus skeletons are found only in South Africa’s Southern Cape and Brazil’s Iraver formations, supporting continental drift as they are now 4,800 km apart.
10. What adaptation did Mesosaurus have?
(a) Deep-sea swimming
(b) Living in shallow brackish water
(c) Flying across continents
(d) Burrowing in desert sands
Explanation: Mesosaurus was adapted to shallow brackish water, making its distribution across an ocean barrier evidence of past land connections.
11. Which force did Wegener relate to the Earth’s rotation?
(a) Tidal force
(b) Pole-fleeing force
(c) Convectional current
(d) Gravitational pull
Explanation: Wegener linked the pole-fleeing force to Earth’s rotation, suggesting it contributed to continental drift due to the equatorial bulge.
12. What causes the bulge at the Earth’s equator according to Wegener?
(a) Tidal forces
(b) Earth’s rotation
(c) Volcanic eruptions
(d) Plate collisions
Explanation: The document explains that the Earth’s rotation causes the equatorial bulge, a factor in Wegener’s pole-fleeing force.
13. Which celestial bodies did Wegener suggest influenced tidal forces?
(a) Sun and Moon
(b) Mars and Jupiter
(c) Venus and Mercury
(d) Stars and comets
Explanation: Wegener proposed that tidal forces from the Sun and Moon’s attraction caused continental movement over millions of years.
14. Why did scholars reject Wegener’s proposed forces for continental drift?
(a) They were too strong
(b) They were inadequate
(c) They lacked evidence
(d) They contradicted fossil records
Explanation: Most scholars considered the pole-fleeing and tidal forces insufficient to cause the massive movement of continents.
15. What provided new evidence for continental drift after World War II?
(a) Fossil discoveries
(b) Ocean floor mapping
(c) Satellite imagery
(d) Earthquake records
Explanation: Post-World War II ocean floor mapping revealed features like ridges and trenches, adding new dimensions to the study of continental distribution.
16. Who proposed the convectional current theory in the 1930s?
(a) Alfred Wegener
(b) Arthur Holmes
(c) Harry Hess
(d) Abraham Ortelius
Explanation: Arthur Holmes suggested convection currents in the mantle as a driving force for continental movement in the 1930s.
17. What generates convection currents in the mantle?
(a) Earth’s magnetic field
(b) Thermal differences from radioactive elements
(c) Ocean tides
(d) Surface erosion
Explanation: The document states that radioactive elements cause thermal differences, generating convection currents throughout the mantle.
18. What did Arthur Holmes argue about convection currents?
(a) They occur only near the surface
(b) They exist throughout the entire mantle
(c) They are caused by ocean waves
(d) They move continents instantly
Explanation: Holmes proposed a system of convection currents operating across the entire mantle, providing a mechanism for continental drift.
19. What did ocean floor mapping reveal about its configuration?
(a) It is a flat plain
(b) It has varied relief
(c) It lacks trenches
(d) It is older than continents
Explanation: The document notes that ocean floor mapping showed it is not a vast plain but full of relief, including ridges and trenches.
20. Which ocean floor feature is most active with volcanic eruptions?
(a) Abyssal plains
(b) Mid-oceanic ridges
(c) Continental shelves
(d) Deep-sea trenches
Explanation: Mid-oceanic ridges are described as the most volcanically active areas due to constant eruptions at their crests.
21. How old are the rocks of the oceanic crust compared to continental rocks?
(a) Much older
(b) Much younger
(c) The same age
(d) Slightly older
22. What is a key feature of the continental margins?
(a) They are always flat
(b) They transition between shores and deep-sea basins
(c) They lack trenches
(d) They are volcanic hotspots
23. Which part of the ocean floor includes deep-oceanic trenches?
(a) Abyssal plains
(b) Mid-oceanic ridges
(c) Continental margins
(d) Oceanic plateaus
24. What are abyssal plains?
(a) Mountain ranges under the ocean
(b) Extensive plains between margins and ridges
(c) Volcanic zones near trenches
(d) Shallow coastal areas
25. What characterizes mid-oceanic ridges?
(a) Deep trenches
(b) A central rift system
(c) Thick sediment layers
(d) Absence of volcanic activity
26. Which area is known as the ‘rim of fire’?
(a) Atlantic Ocean
(b) Indian Ocean
(c) Pacific Ocean
(d) Arctic Ocean
27. Where are shallow-depth earthquakes typically found?
(a) Alpine-Himalayan belt
(b) Mid-oceanic ridges
(c) Pacific rim
(d) Deep trenches
28. What indicates volcanic activity along mid-oceanic ridges?
(a) Thick sediment deposits
(b) Constant eruptions
(c) Deep earthquake foci
(d) Old rock formations
29. What property of rocks near mid-oceanic ridges is notable?
(a) They are the oldest
(b) They have normal polarity
(c) They lack magnetic fields
(d) They are sedimentary
30. What is the maximum age of oceanic crust rocks?
(a) 3,200 million years
(b) 200 million years
(c) 1,000 million years
(d) 500 million years
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